Asteroid Resources
A typical Earth-approaching asteroid comes close to Earth, but also travels out to the inner regions of the asteroid belt. Sailing ships offer the most economical method of recovering resources from asteroids or short-period comets. If a 2-km ship was assigned to bring a resource load from such an asteroid to Earth, the load mass can trade off against trip time.
As an example case, with a 2-km ship, a return load of 160 tons takes about five years, based on numerical simulation. Allowing for maintenance and the outbound trip, a ship could return with 160 tons about every seven years. Three ships could be linked to carry 500-ton loads in the same time. Rendezvous trajectories to Apollo, Amor, and Aten class asteroids can often be done in as little as three months.
Mined material could be brought to Earth orbit for use as structural material, manufacturing stock, and inert shielding of orbital facilities for long-term habitation. Cost of transportation for resources to Earth orbit when operating with the large loads is estimated to be less than $400/kg, which is two orders of magnitude less than the cost of delivery by an expendable launch vehicle.
Asteroid/Comet Deflection
A sailing ship can deflect an asteroid or comet by pulling it, using a bridle which attaches to physical poles embedded at the rotational poles of the body. Deflecting a small body is a challenge dependent upon navigational capability. Before towing begins, the body should have a navigational package installed which may include transponders, celestial navigation, and multi-spacecraft positioning, similar to GPS but on a solar-system scale. As an example, a 0.1 m/s velocity uncertainty leads to a positional uncertainty of roughly 16 Mm (2.5 Earth radii) 5 years in the future. Bad navigation at the start of towing could increase the risk of collision instead of reducing it.
As a simpler alternative, the sail(s) could pull on a single attach structure imbedded at a pole. This could induce some precession in the towed body, but probably not enough to interfere with the deflection operation. Two sails with independent tow lines could be used, one anchored at each pole, which would reduce or eliminate the precession.
The towing forces are sufficiently low that comets and 'rubble pile' asteroids could be deflected if sufficiently long rods are driven into the bodies to anchor the tow lines.
A 2-km sailing ship can deflect a 10-m asteroid by 20 Mm (3 Earth radii) with an action time of 1 month. A 100-m asteroid requires four 2-km ships, or one 4-km ship, pulling for 12 months to achieve the same deflection. Deflecting a 1000-m asteroid (2 billion tons) by 20 Mm in 5 years requires a team of about 43 4-km ships, or 173 2-km ships.
http://sail.quarkweb.com/voyages.htm#resources