China's Rigged IPOs
They've become a system for allocating favors, not capital
The China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) allowed initial public offerings to resume this week on the country's two stock exchanges after a five-month freeze. If that sounds like good news, it's also part of a policy that puts the interests of companies above those of shareholders and prevents China's markets from maturing.
...an IPO is a lucrative favor handed out by government. "25 of the 28 companies meant to be listed before year-end have hired auditing or law firms with senior executives who sit on the Commission's screening committee."
The CSRC severely underprices IPOs to give new listings a guaranteed pop, meaning investors lucky enough to get a share allocation make an instant fortune. When they were introduced in the 1990s, IPOs were priced at 15 times earnings, though the market average was above 40 times, according to market expert Fraser Howie. Today they are unofficially capped at 23 times earnings, and new listings had an average initial gain of 681% prior to July's freeze.
Even though the existing owners are forced to accept a below-market price, the artificially inflated price-earning ratio means an IPO also brings them a big payday. For many company founders it represents a chance to cash out rather than fund growth. In other cases, managers use the new capital to speculate in real estate and lend in the shadow banking system.
...Changing the system is difficult because it would eliminate opportunities for company insiders, brokerages and the government to get rich off the dreams of small investors. It's no wonder that China's most eminent economist, Wu Jinglian, once called the country's stock markets worse than casinos, since casinos at least have rules to protect the average player.
Unwinding a rigged system would be painful since prices would fall, and the government's response to July's crash shows that it fears falling prices. But as the economy slows, the incentive grows for Beijing to reform capital markets that have failed to spur entrepreneurship.
http://www.wsj.com/articles/chinas-rigged-ipos-1449102648